When $\sout{you are}$ setting up the computer, read the instructions carefully. Which of the following artists recorded "Chicago Electric Blues"? The publisher of Songs originally presented this copy to Napoleon W. Gould, a British musician who played in Emmett's minstrel troupe. Eric Lott: Mel Watkins: The issue of what to do about having slavery in the society is a key issue in the years in which blackface minstrelsy comes to be important. Mathews, [Charles]. Which of the following is true about FM radio? The publisher of Songs It often leads with the thumb and incorporates advanced techniques such as the nail-glide. The relevance of studying Foster is not unlike the relevance of studying Mark Twain andHuckleberry Finn. Mel Watkins: At this time, Dick Pelham met up with Sweeney and Brower, and the trio decided to reform the Virginia Minstrels with Sweeney as banjoist. Frank Brower of the Virginia Minstrels met him there and joined Sweeney's act as a bones player. The new Virginia Minstrels performed in Dublin at the Theatre Royal from 24 April to 7 May during entr'actes, then continued for a series of entr'actes and complete minstrel shows in Cork, Belfast, then Glasgow by the end of May. On the one hand, [there's] the desire to take a kind of racial ridicule to the stage and to make fun, indulge in sport at the expense of black people and made a lot of money at the same time. The music industry's discovery of black music can be traced to a set of recordings made in the early 1920's by which black vaudeville performer? Grand Ethiopian Concert! But I understand, too, that it's so embedded in the tradition of derision that people want nothing to do with even the association of it. // cutting the mustard It was the way the world was. Music began to be written with the act in mind and it is during this time that Stephen Foster, legendary American songwriter, penned some of the eras most iconic songs. London: D'Almaine, 1840. In 1831William Lloyd Garrisonbegins his newspaper,The Liberator, in Boston, proclaiming the cause of immediate abolition. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> The first thing to note about minstrel banjos is that they tended to be wood-heavy constructions, from the tuning pegs down to the tailpiece. Susanna," "Old Folks at Home," "My Old Kentucky Home, Good Night," "Jeanie with the Light Brown Hair," and "Beautiful Dreamer. I think there are still the lenses white people put on when they look at black Americans, and it's sad but it's kind of desperately indicative of the way in which this country still hasn't surmounted the kinds of feelings that gave rise to minstrelsy in the first place. Which artist established the myth of the outcast (i.e., the resourceful, lone wanderer) in songs, like "Waiting for a Train," that has proven to be a potent force in country music up to the present time? CK 48607. {xO$S]%&7g>r=g8` I think that as an industrial order arises and then clamps down in the 1830s and 1840s in America, it is not countenanced anymore that when you're in the shop, one person reads to the other workers from the newspaper while they work. xMHa$T&R+SeL b}wg-E"u.VDNC:DuE^";cT03y| URcE4`vztLUF\)s:k-iYj6|vP4*wd>,y4!7CN-lCTS3q";-E#+c> v=S79@`mvUl5`P=Gj)kP*}6 ~^/~.~a2 Because basically when the black performers did minstrel shows, they were doing the same acts that whites had done before. His earliest documented use of the banjo on stage was in April 1839. Contemporary banjos, with their metal strings, frets, and tension hoops, tone rings, etc., have come a long way since their ancestor instruments crossed the Atlantic Ocean from Africa, centuries ago. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Autograph manuscript, signed, of play "Hard Times. Which of the following is true about the tango? People are having great fun, entertainment. This aural environment, very much in the minds of Jacksonian Americans, was very much central to the way that they heard the world. "Hard Times Come Again No More" McGarrigle, Kate and Anna. Which of the following is true about Gene Autry's musical style? 1843The Virginia Minstrels 1. Minstrelsy is the first public commercial venue in which blacks, though of course, they're not blacks, are represented on the theatrical or musical stage. For further information on minstrelsy in 19th-century America, consult the following books and websites: The Center for American Music is part of the University of Pittsburgh Library System. And blackface minstrelsy, in a very interesting way, moves back and forth over these lines. Which songwriting team composed the musical Oklahoma!, which opened in 1943? He embraced both genteel traditions and less highly regarded but popular traditions such as minstrelsy. But I think it is necessary to adapt them, maybe by just learning the instrumental, just learning the melody or by changing the lyrics, learning the changed lyrics because to sing them in their original form would be, I think, just perpetuating a stereotype that is no longer useful or no longer helpful or no longer functions in the same way in American society as it did in the 1840s and 1850s. Other features (or lack thereof) worth mentioning include the absence of any kind of resonator. WebBlues is a music genre and musical form which originated in the Deep South of the United States around the 1860s. It becomes the first kind of a national theater or national entertainment that people began to see outside of their local setting. The minstrel show is also the Public access to the Government documents is guaranteed by public law. And most of that came from minstrelsy. "[4], Many people assume Sweeney's "fifth string" is the drone stringthe chanterellebut if Sweeney did really add a fifth string, it would have been another, lower string. They would not become common until well into the 1900s. I think we're losing something in not repeating his lyrics or in adapting them, changing them to make them more politically correct, because he was trying to blend some things and create an awareness that we need to remember. A minstrel troupe led by the white banjo virtuoso Dan Emmett; their show introduced more lengthy performances featuring a standardized group of performers. Which White actor invented the minstrel character Jim Crow?. It's done in ways in which people say, "This is authentic. ", One repetition of verse-and-chorus within a song's structure. African musicians played the banjo and its ancestor instruments in this way, from whom the pioneer Joel Sweeney learned to play in turn. And of course that was the minstrelsy, that's what was happening and the sort of the exaggerated caricatured stereotypical black dialect of minstrel songs in the 1830s and 1840s. Fath Ruffins: At one and the same moment, though, you have a real interest, cross-racial interest in what it feels like to be a black person. Gradually, they would change it, they would make modifications. Then when a white boy did it, John Fogerty in Creedence Clearwater, he sang, "I hoid it through the grapevine," almost as if he was going to exaggerate the black characteristics. https://quizlet.com/175518344/music-162-questions-ch-1-5-flash-cards As a blackface performer, he introduced the "Jim Crow" character. It affects everybody, so people are struggling for ways to define themselves, struggling for ways to enjoy life, and humor largely has to do with making fun of or making jokes about people's behavior. Thomas Dartmouth Rice. Before the 1830s, when blackface minstrelsy begins formally, African Americans, people whom we today would call African Americans, have been involved in local entertainment. Which White actor invented the minstrel character Jim Crow?. What's fascinating about minstrelsy is really just how strange it is, how weird it is at bottom. document.documentElement.className += 'js'; Minstrelsy effectively did that. Minstrelsy is certainly something that should not enjoy any kind of resurrection at all today. This routine achieved immediate popularity, and throughout the 1830s Rice had many imitators. Webwordlist = ['! During this time he spread his knowledge of the banjo and its unique, downpicking' play style to students wherever he went. << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R >> /Font << /F2.0 9 0 R The first full-length blackface minstrel show was performed at the Bowery Amphitheatre in New York in February 1843. Professional minstrelsy waned at the turn of the century as troupes turned to vaudeville, burlesque, and the emerging Broadway musical theater. And it was also the ability to laugh at them and feel superior to them because that was considered negative. It goes back before the turn of the century when immigrant songwriters such as George Gershwin and Irving Berlin fell in love with black culture. 5" and did the most to popularize the mambo throughout Latin America and in the United States? The fact that we can see it from both sides and have to see it from both sides is infinitely more important in a questioning process than the right answer. While you are turning off the lights, check the doors, too. I think that that's somewhat unfortunate because it's a song that grew out of a minstrel tradition but was critical of the minstrel tradition. What other famous New York entertainment industry was closely related to Tin Pan Alley because many of the songrwiters worked in both fields? At summer camps, there was lots of singing around the campfire. Who was the most influential songwriter of American popular song during the nineteenth century? the Find out more about Edward P. Christy, Daniel Decatur Emmett,Jenny Lind andThomas Moore. Well, religious songs drop out because everybody at the camp isn't necessarily of one religion. if ( 'querySelector' in document && 'addEventListener' in window ) { Which of the following was NOT associated with western swing? What is the term for a repeated musical pattern designed to generate rhythmic momentum? Byron Almen, Dorothy Payne, Stefan Kostka. Dale Cockrell: James Bland, composer of "Carry Me Back to Old Virginia," and Sam Lucas became known as the leading performers of African-American minstrel shows and eventually branched into other forms of musical theater. There were aesthetic components of this response as well as racial components, as well as class components of this response. It's part of black history and it's part of American history and you can't change history. Was blackface minstrelsy only about caricaturing blacks? It was advertised as a peephole view of what black people were really like. For everyone to kind of be collecting in a rowdy way, right in front of the footlights, be spitting tobacco on the floor in the theater. Which of the following became the conductor of the U.S. Marine Band? Which is the best definition of "strophe? It was exaggerated. Dan Emmett Which of the Music of the "genteel" tradition now prevailed in the first section, where popular and sentimental ballads of the day and polished minstrel songs, including those of Foster, supplanted the older and cruder dialect tunes. It was filled with things that a middle-class culture considered beneath it and amusical. And T. D. Rice, in that moment of exploding off the stage, took us into a completely new realm of popular culture where white audiences (and Thomas Dartmouth Rice is himself a white actor who put on blackface to pretend to be that African-American on the street of Louisville), and in that moment, whites in the audience as well as white actors appropriated an aspect of African-American culture and changed the face of popular culture. A few years later he joined a circus and traveled throughout Virginia and North Carolina. What was the first form of musical and theatrical entertainment regarded by European audiences as distinctively American in character? Which of the following is true about songwriter Stephen Foster? Additionally, the bridges on minstrel banjos tend to be positioned in the center of the head, or even higher, closer to the neck. 11 0 obj And so it had an immense effect on the way mainstream society thought about blacks. Which group recorded the first jazz record in 1917? Joel Sweeney's younger brothers, Sampson ("Sam") and Richard ("Dick"), and his sister Missouri were also talented banjo and fiddle players. African American composer and pianist; the best-known composer of ragtime music. African American music in Stephen Foster's time, Uncle Tom's Cabin takes the nation by storm,Stephen Foster backs Pennsylvania Democrat JamesBuchanan and the Yale Glee Club nixes Foster. Successful turn-of-the-century songwriter sometimes referred to as the "Daddy of Popular Song"; his big hits included "A Bird in a Gilded Cage" (1900) and "I Want a Girl (Just Like the Girl That Married Dear Old Dad)" (1911). Which ensemble recorded "Dippermouth Blues?". Joel Walker Sweeney - the first white, professional banjo performer - is often credited with adding the low fourth string around this time. During the 1840s the show was divided into two parts--the first concentrated largely upon the urban black dandy, the second on the southern plantation slave. Bailey, J: "Historical Origin and Stylistic Developments of the Five-String Banjo", p. 59, Joel Sweeney & The Musical Sweeneys of Appomattox, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel_Sweeney&oldid=1138144897, People of Virginia in the American Civil War, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. A twelve-bar structure made up of three phrases of four bars each. The journal also includes interviews with composers and reviews of books, recordings, films, websites, and concerts. WebWritten by Nick LaRocca Perf Original Dixieland Jazz Early Jazz Recording Minstrelsy had clanging banjoes, it had clanking bones. What was the first successful, all-black musical? The most offensive of the lyrics used words like "nigger" which would have been common in the 1840s or 1850s [but] the lyrics that I was taught didn't have that in them. Instead, you would most likely have been playing on a minstrel instrument, in the minstrel style, and - with a smattering of talent - in one of hundreds of minstrel groups performing to audiences right across the United States. Which of the following is true about the Music Corporation of America (MCA)? What was the first form of musical and theatrical entertainment regarded by European audiences as distinctively American in character? Which of the following stanzas uses the structure most closely associated with the twelve-bar blues? n0%f|U9l 7?j`l7"tiNf]?uhgM Z4i[&LY_x So Rice's characterization of blacks then reaffirmed what mainstream America had been thinking all along. And he had the idea of dressing in shabby attire, which he may or may not have borrowed from an African American that he met in the streets of Louisville, and going on stage, and it was the kind of entr'acte between parts of a play, he got on stage and did this extraordinary andextravagant danceto this tune called "Jim Crow." 5 0 obj Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads from the African-American culture.The blues form is ubiquitous in jazz, rhythm and blues, and rock and roll, and is characterized by In 1842, in New York City, the songwriter Daniel Decatur Emmett and three companions devised a program of singing and dancing in blackface to the accompaniment of bone castanets, violin, banjo, and tambourine. On his return to England, he began to incorporate his observations into skits, sketches, and songs. These claims are part of an effort, beginning in the nineteenth century, to divorce the banjo from its African American origins. Mel Watkins: benji kutya fajta. WebWhich White banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels Daniel Emmett Which of the following is true about songwriter Stephen Foster? Which pianist, organist, and bandleader recorded "Mambo No. Founded in 1918, the Press publishes more than 40 journals representing 18 societies, along with more than 100 new books annually. It's at the very earliest moments where Americans are beginning to define who they are distinctively apart from the rest of the world, particularly apart from western Europe, where many American ancestors had come from. WebLego 41027 - Der TOP-Favorit unserer Produkttester. They have longer, wider necks, and longer scale lengths, to accommodate the lower tuning these instruments are played in. It accompanies dances featuring sexual role-playing and was originally suppressed by Cuban authorities. Walter Page (bass), Jo Jones (drums), and Freddie Green (guitar) formed the hard-swinging nucleus of which Kansas City-based big band? Huckleberry Finnis, I think -- this is hotly debated now -- but it's ambiguous to this day in ways that I think still one could make a fairly defensible argument for withholding [it] from school students until a certain age, 13 and 14, when they're able to deal with certain of the racial implications. He is the earliest known person to have played the banjo on stage. A number of well-known musicians were killed in World War II, including Glenn Miller. The "father of American minstrelsy" was Thomas Dartmouth "Daddy" Rice, who, between 1828 and 1831, developed a song-and-dance routine in which he impersonated an old, crippled black slave, dubbed Jim Crow. Tin Pan Alley songs that have withstood the test of time have become known as: What Tin Pan Alley songwriter had success as a Broadway and Classical composer by combining elements of popular song, Jazz and classical music? endstream After the Civil War, African-American companies took to the stage and rivaled the popularity of their white counterparts. I think we must find a way to learn and grow from people and respect their context. Current issues are available through the Scholarly Publishing Collective. Think for instance of "I Heard It Through the Grapevine," when Marvin Gaye and Gladys Knight and the Pips sang the original versions of the song. "Historical Origin and Stylistic Developments of the Five-String Banjo". At this point, the form had evolved into two distinct shows, one featuring Zip Coon and the other Jim Crow. The mask of blackface enabled you to have voice and to speak without fear of repression. (Z]it*T?*i_cPbRlwK k"#(H61OIB.),tP|).EY{lG`aG1}\l-$l1f>5IpcuF9+/ts.jS-5Uy?=4qE~aE7o=Mb>ijW'X5wjaH&0!#.-;@wk)=@;Ou!Yr Into the 1850s and 60s, minstrel shows kept on gaining popularity. Which honky-tonk artist recorded "The Wild Side of Life?". It evolved from two types of entertainment popular in America before 1830: the impersonation of blacks given by white actors between acts of plays or during circuses; and the performances of black musicians who sang, with banjo accompaniment, in city streets. Which trumpeter took jazz to new creative and commercial heights, with recordings such as "West End Blues?". Thomas Hampson: 2. Which film, released in 1927, became the first to exploit sound successfully? He embraced both genteel traditions John Philip Sousa Which White banjo virtuoso lead the Virginia Minstrels? WebThe Virginia Minstrels had 2 Banjo players, Dan Emmett and Billy Whitlock, a pupil of Sweeney. Which big band got its first big break in 1934 on the radio program "Let's Dance," which was sponsored by the National Biscuit Company? So these classic American songs came to be the music that you would learn at camp or at school or someplace like that. There was a release. The difference was not so much a structural one because the musical style, the musical structure, the form of the melody and so forth, followed certain European patterns that were derived from the same kinds of music that genteel society were playing and singing. Songs of the Civil War. Minstrel banjos were tuned differently to the instruments we play today. Middle-class culture is one that has worshipped the mind and has largely tried to divorce the body from the expression of what they are. These would be created much later, with the first patent being awarded to the aforementioned Henry C. Dobson in 1878. Web1769, White banjo players performed in blackface 1843, First documented minstrel show by Dan Emmett & Virginia Minstrels 1840s-1850s, Minstrel Craze; Banjo becomes urban instrument (the minstrel show popularized the banjo; it was a long time before the banjo could be regarded separately from the racist content of the minstrel show) Dancing was done in the theater, people called for their favorites and booed things they didn't want to hear. I believe as a teacher, and as a historian, that they should be placed in the historical context and people should understand where these songs fit and why. Which of the following became the first nationwide commercial radio network in 1926? Which of the following was an influential ragtime pianist and composer? Think of Creedence Clearwater Revival, four white boys from El Cerrito, California. Ken Emerson: I think the stereotypes that emerge from the 19th century minstrel show circulate to the present day and are crucial in defining white people's sense of who black people are, I'm sad to say. What stream of music typically consisted of ballads, versus, chorus, and strophic form? Each play relied on stock humor and clichs. As a blackface performer, he introduced the "Jim Crow" character. WebLed by a white banjo virtuoso Dan Emmett (1815-1904), created lengthy stage performance that featured a standardized group of performers: Mr.Interlocutor- lead Thus, parlor banjo was born, named after the private parlors of more well-to-do individuals and organizations in which it was performed. endobj Get the latest on new films and digital content, learn about events in your area, and get your weekly fix of American history. Which film released in 1927 became the first to exploit sound successfully? "The Journal of American Folklore", 85(335). https://quizlet.com/160626533/music-162-chapter-2-flash-cards The London Mathews; Containing an Account of This Celebrated Comedian's Trip to America. Sweeney began performing with the banjo in the early 1830s. The 1870s saw a steep decline in the minstrel style of play. WebWhich of the following became the conductor of the U.S. Marine Band? There are many instances in my childhood in which people sang Stephen Foster music. Songwriter and banjoist Daniel Decatur Emmett and the Virginia Minstrels put on a program of song and dance to the accompaniment of bone castanets, violin, banjo, and tambourine. In that enslaved society, humor becomes a way in which people can define their class position. That characterization of Uncle Tom did not come from the book by Harriet Beecher Stowe,Uncle Tom's Cabin. It's not as though it's a white stand-up comedian going up and telling jokes of a derogatory sort. 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About the tango techniques such as minstrelsy Publishing Collective came to be the music Corporation of America ( MCA?... Best-Known composer of ragtime music the century as troupes turned to vaudeville, burlesque, and strophic form as it...