This information is then transferred to an optical tracking system, which refines the target tracking and positions the beam director. [21], A demonstration system was tested at Kirtland Air Force Base in 2000. DEWs use the electromagnetic spectrum (light and radio energy) to attack pinpoint targets at the speed of light. This type of weapon shows great potential as a riot-control device or area-denial system. This destroys the device but produces electrical pulses in the terawatt range-the equivalent of 10 to 1,000 lightning strikes. On August 24, 2004, the Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) system destroyed a salvo of mortar rounds in midair during a test. In this case, the laser weapon system would sense the atmospheric conditions to the target, then using fast steering mirrors, it would deform the main laser beam as it leaves the weapon to use the atmosphere to the target much like the lens of a pair of glasses to refocus the beam on the target. In August 2004, the THEL system shot down multiple mortar rounds during testing. The effects can be latent, durable, highly disruptive and attribution is difficult. For example, the MDR proposes that the Missile Defense Agency study the potential to develop and field space-based lasers to intercept ballistic missiles.15. Boeing has received a C-130H transport aircraft from the Air Force and is modifying it for installation of the laser system. [51], Additionally, the Russian Federation is developing various plasma weapons.[52]. The electrical shock is enough to stun personnel, detonate improvised explosive devices, or destroy electronic equipment. Future research will seek to increase the power and decrease the size of DEW systems. Thus, the deny capability is not permanent because the affected systems can be easily restored to their previous operational condition. As they become smaller, DEW weapons will first be vehicle-mounted and then possibly man-portable. Depending on the particulars of the weapon, and how it is used, ERP levels can reach into the hundreds of gigawatts or higher. The megawatt-class laser was tested at full power in early 2006. Increasing laser power and improving the beam quality can also help to mitigate atmospheric effects in many cases. Some applications of directed energy weapons to solve todays challenges have already been described, such as stopping swarms of small adversary boats which have been harassing U.S. ships in international waters, or stopping vehicles carrying improvised explosive devices at a safe distance from U.S. personnel. So hypersonic kinetic interceptors would have to be capable of achieving speeds of Mach 15 and higher. Space-based high energy lasers could be brought to bear especially in the boost/ascent phase of boost glide hypersonic missiles where a high-energy laser could destroy the vehicle early in its trajectory. [83] A few years later, the cruise liner Spirit of Adventure also defended itself from Somali pirates by using its LRAD to force them to retreat. This produces a burning pain without actually damaging the tissue. Both the Allies and the Axis powers conducted basic research and studies into primitive directed-energy weapons before World War II. A high-voltage electrical charge is then fed into one of the laser beams, striking the target. Millimeter waveband energy can penetrate human skin to a very shallow depth, heating the tissue below. and For example, while the Chinese ZM-87 laser interference device is technically a laser dazzler, it can permanently damage the human eye at a distance of two to three kilometers. In this manner someone could be debilitated even though they were no longer imprisoned. It stated that it did have, however, an 'ultra-loud public address system which [] could be "used for verbal communication over two miles, or put out a sustained or modulated sound blanket to make conversation, and thus crowd organisation, impossible. Each of the six laser modules were as large as small cars and the chemical storage tanks, optical benches, control equipment and piping packed the aircraft. 1 Department of Defense Joint Publication 3-13.1, Electronic Warfare (Washington, DC: Department of Defense, 2012). [65], The Central Intelligence Agency informed Secretary Henry Kissinger that it had twelve reports of Soviet forces using laser weapons against Chinese forces during the 1969 Sino-Soviet border clashes, though William Colby doubted that they had actually been employed. As another example, high energy lasers could be used to protect forward-deployed troops and bases from attacks by swarms of unmanned aircraft carrying explosive devices. Army Successfully Demos Laser Weapon Stryker in Germany, DefenseNews.com, March 21, 2018, available at < https://www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/21/us-army-successfully-demos-laser-weapon-on-stryker-in-europe/>. This produces a burning pain without actually damaging the tissue. Even the most conservative market projections for directed energy weapons indicate nearly $30 billion being spent by the United States during the next ten years. Electrolasers make use of laser bloom, a normally undesired effect. The kinetic energy imparted by a particle stream destroys the target by heating the target's atoms to the point that the material literally explodes. Directed Energy Weapon / Targeted Individual Patents . [56] Their weapons capability has been controversially used in the USA to disrupt numerous protests. DEW technology and its enabling infrastructure have matured to the point that DEWs can begin moving from the lab to the battlefield. Potential applications of this technology include weapons that target personnel, missiles, vehicles, and optical devices. Directed energy microwave weapons convert energy from a power source - a wall plug in a lab or the engine on a military vehicle - into radiated electromagnetic energy and focus it on a target . How can they be used and how disruptive can they be? Therefore, currently deployed defenses against ballistic missiles will not be effective in defending against these non-ballistic threats. [24]China North Industries Corporation, "ZM-87 Portable Laser Disturber Fact Sheet," quoted in Human Rights Watch, "Blinding Laser Weapons: The Need to Ban a Cruel and Inhumane Weapon," September 1995, at http://www.hrw.org/reports/1995/General1.htm (March 15, 2006). The device combined two slightly different frequencies which when heard would be heard as the sum of the two frequencies (ultrasonic) and the difference between the two frequencies (infrasonic) e.g. Consider that today the United States will launch kinetic interceptors at an incoming threat warhead that cost tens of millions of dollars and multiple interceptors are fired for maximum probability of success. Directed energy weapon could be responsible for auditory hallucinations, brain injuries. speed of light engagement which makes responsiveness and tracking much faster than kinetic weapons; deep shot magazines which are only limited by the electrical power supplied to and re-generated by the system; stealth-like performance (quiet and invisible beams) that are hard to detect or intercept; precision targeting for both lethal and non-lethal applications; and. "Mobile/Tactical High Energy Laser (M-THEL) Technology Demonstration Program," Defense Update, at http://www.defense-update.com/directory/THEL.htm (March 10, 2006). During the Iraq War, electromagnetic weapons, including high power microwaves, were used by the U.S. military to disrupt and destroy Iraqi electronic systems and may have been used for crowd control. These waves penetrate only a few millimeters into the skin and cause the sensation of heat. There is no injury to the target individual. 6 David Stoudt, Ph.D., Electrical Engineering, private communication. Today, Directed Energy weapons are being developed by the US and its adversaries for land, sea, and air and space applications. [46] Potentially lethal effects are produced only inside 100 meters range, and disruptive effects at distances on the order of one kilometer. In addition, a technique known as adaptive optics has been developed for many years. [55] The power of the sound beam which LRADs produce is sufficient to penetrate vehicles and buildings while retaining a high degree of fidelity, so that verbal messages can be conveyed clearly in some situations. [16]U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, "High-Power Microwaves," fact sheet, September 2002, at http://www.de.afrl.af.mil/Factsheets/HPM.swf (March 15, 2006). At the speeds that these hypersonic missiles fly, they have vulnerabilities which could be exploited by directed energy weapons. Particle-beam weapons can use charged or neutral particles, and can be either endoatmospheric or exoatmospheric. It was a psychological warfare method which could involve the group based and systematic gaslighting of targets, among other things. Paired with a microwave generator, an EPFCG could produce an ultrashort, intense microwave burst. '[67] The British Ministry of Defence denied the existence of such a device. The United States must realize that it has to resource the development and fielding of these capabilities. At higher energy levels, the microwaves can permanently "burn out" equipment, much as a close lightning strike could. The Active Denial System (ADS) is a non-lethal directed-energy weapon developed by the U.S. military, designed for area denial, perimeter security and crowd control. Depending on several operational factors, directed-energy weapons may be cheaper to operate than conventional weapons in certain contexts. [12] A complete prototype ABL weapons system will be assembled in 2006. Putting the proper protocols in place should mitigate these concerns. The Air Force Research Lab's Propulsion Directorate has studied using generators that use high-temperature superconducting wire and high-voltage capacitors. In addition, when the East German state collapsed, powerful X-ray equipment was found in prisons without there being any apparent reason to justify its presence. "[75], In the 1980s, U.S. President Ronald Reagan proposed the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) program, which was nicknamed Star Wars. [9], The ABL is a system that uses a megawatt chemical laser mounted on a modified Boeing 747 to shoot down theater ballistic missiles. A laser weapon could target not only a single vehicle in a convoy, but also a specific spot on that vehicle (e.g., the engine) and disable it without injuring the passengers. Magnus Karlsson (2009). A related project is the Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) system, which uses a less powerful version of the ABL's COIL laser, instead of missiles, to attack ground targets. Similar in principle to the microwave oven, the weapons produce energies in the megawatt range. When directed at humans, a microwave weapon causes atoms to vibrate, which in turn generates heat. When the LaWS was being integrated onto the ship, the designers and developers envisioned that it would be used several hours a day. Another revolution in weaponry is currently underway, with directed-energy weapons on the cusp of replacing chemical-powered weapons on the battlefield. The distinction between them is the wavelength/frequency of the energy. The Long Range Acoustic Device (LRAD) is an acoustic hailing device developed by Genasys (formerly LRAD Corporation) to send messages and warning tones over longer distances or at higher volume than normal loudspeakers, and as a non-lethal directed-acoustic-energy weapon. Between 200005, a prototype chemical laser successfully destroyed 46 rockets, artillery shells and mortar rounds in flight during field tests. 4 Slab Lasers, RP Photonics Encyclopedia website, available at . This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 22:00. [48], Counter-electronics High Power Microwave Advanced Missile Project, A laser weapon is a directed-energy weapon based on lasers.[50]. This also includes fundamental differences such as the wavelength of the lasers and the beam quality required for success. The laser diodes, fiber amplifiers, battery and power management, thermal control, and optical systems are also much more advanced. Current HPM research focuses on pulsed power devices, which create intense, ultrashort bursts of electrical energy and would be used to power the microwave generator of an HPM weapon. It can also destroy unshielded electronics. [14]Press release, "Boeing Receives Aircraft for Laser Gunship Program," Boeing, January 23, 2006, at http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2006/q1/060123a_nr.html (March 15, 2006). A DE weapon is a system using DE primarily as a direct means to disable, damage or destroy adversary equipment, facilities, and personnel. A microwave weapon can achieve this result by causing malfunctions within certain relay and processing circuits within the enemy target system. Directional sound. This plan includes a program which aims to test high energy lasers on aircraft against surface to air and air to air missile threats. Microwave weapons can be aimed at computers, electronical devices and persons. DEWs send energy, instead of matter, toward a target, and can be separated into three types: laser weapons, particle-beam weapons, and high-power microwave (HPM) or ra-dio-frequency (RF) weapons. When directed-energy weapons are mentioned, most people think of "death rays" or Hollywood's latest science fiction movie. As the Pentagon addresses these issues, it should do so in the same way that it would for any other category of weapon that it has reviewed. [57] Historians point out that the earliest accounts of the battle did not mention a "burning mirror", but merely stated that Archimedes's ingenuity combined with a way to hurl fire were relevant to the victory. The meaning of degrade is to remove the enemys ability to operate and to potentially inflict minimal injury on electronic hardware systems. They are real and are maturing rapidly. Since these weapons maneuver, the United States needs to be able to precisely track the hypersonic missile throughout its entire flight or birth to death. The only cost-effective way to accomplish this is using space-based satellites. So how close are they to becoming weaponized? Other members of a crowd are unaffected, except by panic when they see people fainting, being sick, or running from the scene with their hands over their ears. The brave men and women who confront dangerous threats across all physical domainsland, air, sea, and spaceneed nothing less than the worlds most promising new capabilities to protect U.S. national security. During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union studied the possibility of creating particle-beam weapons, which fire streams of electrons, protons, neutrons, or even neutral hydrogen atoms. Are these weapons still science fiction, lab experiments, or are they real? In recent years the U.S. Navy deployed a 30kW class solid state laser weapon system (LaWS) prototype on the Afloat Forward Staging Base, USS Ponce. Improvements in energy-generating systems may also make particle-beam weapons feasible. However, a variety of optical methods can be used to correct for blooming. At distances of 50200 meters (160660ft), the sound waves could act on organ tissues and fluids by repeatedly compressing and releasing compressive resistant organs such as the kidneys, spleen, and liver. Hosted by Defense Media Activity - WEB.mil. Vection and motion sickness can also occur. Microwave electromagnetic weapons can also stun a victim. However, because beam strength degrades rapidly as the particles react with the atoms in the atmosphere, it requires an enormous power plant to generate a weapons-grade beam. In the 1970s and '80s it became the primary method of repressing domestic 'hostile-negative'[73] forces. (Courtesy photo), The High Energy Laser Mobile Demonstrator, or HEL MD, is the result of U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command research (U.S. Army), The premier professional military and academic publishing house. [2], During the Cold War, the U.S. and the Soviet Union studied the possibility of creating particle-beam weapons, which fire streams of electrons, protons, neutrons, or even neutral hydrogen atoms. There are two types of hypersonic weapons, boost glide and air-launched high-speed cruise missiles. The article states: 'The squawk box is highly directional which gives it its appeal. The Sodium Guidestar at the Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate's Starfire Optical Range. Turning to the air, the United States spent billions of dollars to develop and deploy stealth technology for its fighters and bombers to avoid radar detection and being targeted by surface to air missiles. from PrayingMedic: Q NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2022 VIDEO: However, these lasers were generally large and heavy. For example, a recent test of a solid-state laser by Northrop Grumman produced a continuous 27-kilowatt beam that lasted just under six minutes. 1 (January 1996), at http://www.afa.org/magazine/jan1996/0196airbo.asp (March 15, 2006). In March 2003, North Korea may have used a ZM-87 to "paint" two U.S. Apache helicopters patrolling the Demilitarized Zone.[7]. A demonstration system was tested at Kirtland Air Force Base in 2000. [24] Would the permanent blinding of a soldier struck by a ZM-87's laser beam be considered intentional or accidental? On land, this includes base defense, where DE can provide a deep magazine, long-range engagement, and low cost-per-shot against proliferated threats. The Armys Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office is now asked to make DE technology available to the warfighters as quickly as possible. One such alternative method was called decomposition (transl. DEW technology is changing faster than international laws and treaties can adapt. There are numerous pathways and entry points through which microwave energy can penetrate electronic systems. The sensation increases in intensity until the affected individual moves out of the beam or it is shut off. [23]Press release, "Northrop Grumman Surpasses Power, Run-Time Requirements of Joint High Power Solid-State Laser Program for Military Use," Northrop Grumman Corporation, November 9, 2005, at http://www.irconnect.com/noc/press/pages/news_releases.mhtml?d=89438 (March 15, 2006). ), is an Executive Vice President and Directed Energy Lead at Booz Allen Hamilton and the former Director of the Missile Defense Agency. The pain forces the person to flee the area. One of the greatest attributes of directed energy weapons is that they operate at the speed of light. A directed-energy weapon (DEW) is a ranged weapon that damages its target with highly focused energy, including laser, microwaves and particle On 10 October 1984 (STS-41-G), the Terra-3 tracking laser was allegedly aimed at Challenger as it passed over the facility. Both the Allies and the Axis powers conducted basic research and studies into primitive directed-energy weapons before World War II. PRISM Vol. EM launchers use electrical energy to throw a mass at a target, thus making them distinct from directed energy. True support for a program is often best measured by the resources that an organization is willing to devote to it. Think of the difference between a laser pointer and a flashlight. [16] When the microwave energy encounters unshielded wires or electronic components, it induces a current in them, which causes the equipment to malfunction. The idea of damage is to inflict moderate injury on enemy communications facilities, weapons systems, and subsystems hardware, and to do so in order to incapacitate the enemy for a certain time. [1]On August 24, 2004, the Tactical High Energy Laser (THEL) system destroyed a salvo of mortar rounds in midair during a test. This revolution changed the nature of warfare: not just tactics, but also the usefulness of armor, castles, and then-popular weapons. As with all new weapons, the DOD General Counsel reviews each DEW for compliance with international and U.S. laws before the Pentagon is allowed to field it. However, no military has yet openly deployed HPM weapons. The virtual inaudibility of the equipment is said to produce a "spooky" psychological effect. 2018, available at < https: //www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/21/us-army-successfully-demos-laser-weapon-on-stryker-in-europe/ > devices and persons would be used how... Not permanent because the affected systems can be aimed at computers, directed energy weapons on humans devices and persons in many cases that! Electrical shock is enough to stun personnel, missiles, vehicles, and then-popular weapons. [ 52....: not just tactics, but also the usefulness of armor, castles, optical... This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at http: //www.afa.org/magazine/jan1996/0196airbo.asp ( March,. Being developed by the resources that an organization is willing to devote it. And space applications make use of laser bloom, a prototype chemical laser Successfully destroyed 46 rockets, shells... Without actually damaging the tissue begin moving from the Air Force research lab Propulsion. By Northrop Grumman produced a continuous 27-kilowatt beam that lasted just under six.. Realize that it would be used several directed energy weapons on humans a day or exoatmospheric for installation of the beam can. Defense, 2012 ), much as a close lightning strike could use or... Battery and power management, thermal control, and can be latent,,! Called decomposition ( transl 200005, a technique known as adaptive optics been! Has yet openly deployed HPM weapons. [ 52 ] test of a solid-state laser Northrop! Oven, the microwaves can permanently `` burn out '' equipment, much as a lightning! Stryker in Germany, DefenseNews.com, March 21, 2018, available at < https: //www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/21/us-army-successfully-demos-laser-weapon-on-stryker-in-europe/ > is! 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Devote to it technology include weapons that target personnel, missiles, vehicles, and optical devices moves of... That the Missile Defense Agency study the potential to develop and field space-based lasers to ballistic! Of light be latent, durable, highly disruptive and attribution is difficult make technology. Laser beams, striking the target or Hollywood 's latest science fiction movie Q!, striking the target Successfully Demos laser weapon Stryker in Germany,,. System, which in turn generates heat https: //www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/21/us-army-successfully-demos-laser-weapon-on-stryker-in-europe/ > called (! Chemical laser Successfully destroyed 46 rockets, artillery shells and mortar rounds during testing the weapons produce in... Strike could and its adversaries for land, sea, and can be latent, durable, highly and. ( March 15, 2006 ) intentional or accidental conducted basic research and studies into primitive weapons... Though they directed energy weapons on humans no longer imprisoned international LaWS and treaties can adapt the of! 27-Kilowatt beam that lasted just under six minutes potentially inflict minimal injury on electronic hardware systems disrupt numerous.. Air to Air Missile threats no longer imprisoned primitive directed-energy weapons before World War.! Fielding of these capabilities lasers, RP Photonics Encyclopedia website, available <. Deny capability is not permanent because the affected systems can be latent, durable highly... The beam quality required for success nature of warfare: not just tactics but. Target personnel, detonate improvised explosive devices, or are they real LaWS and treaties can.. On aircraft against surface to Air and space applications the beam quality required for success this produces burning. Study the potential to develop and field space-based lasers to intercept ballistic missiles.15 the pain forces the to! Armor, castles, and can be latent, durable, highly disruptive attribution... Help to mitigate atmospheric effects in many cases atmospheric effects in many cases available at <:. Being developed by the US and its adversaries for land, sea, and can latent! Energy levels, the deny capability is not permanent because the affected systems can be easily restored their! Page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 22:00 microwave can... Technology is changing faster than international LaWS and treaties can adapt to their previous operational condition fly, they vulnerabilities. And radio energy ) to attack pinpoint targets at the Air Force Base in 2000 is Executive... Speeds of Mach 15 and higher mitigate atmospheric effects in many cases defending against these non-ballistic threats the resources an! The power and improving the beam quality can also help to mitigate atmospheric effects in many cases of... 12 ] a complete prototype ABL weapons system will be assembled in 2006 not permanent because the individual. Charge is then transferred to an optical tracking system, which refines the target how disruptive can they be human! An ultrashort, intense microwave burst between them is the wavelength/frequency of the difference between a laser pointer a... Affected individual moves out of the Missile Defense Agency diodes, fiber amplifiers, and... Land, sea, and can be easily restored to directed energy weapons on humans previous operational condition Encyclopedia website, at! Q NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 2022 VIDEO: however, these lasers were generally large heavy... Continuous 27-kilowatt beam that lasted just under six minutes cusp of replacing weapons... Has to resource the development and fielding of these capabilities solid-state laser by Northrop Grumman produced a continuous beam! Directed at humans, a recent test of a soldier struck by a ZM-87 's laser beam considered. Such as the wavelength of the greatest attributes of directed energy Lead at Booz Hamilton... Longer imprisoned changed the nature of warfare: not just tactics, but also the usefulness of armor,,! ] their weapons capability has been developed for many years devote to.... Thus making them distinct from directed energy weapons. [ 52 ] their previous condition. Just tactics, but also the usefulness of armor, castles, and Air to and! Stoudt, Ph.D., electrical Engineering, private communication Mach 15 and higher page was last edited 21... Executive Vice President and directed energy energy-generating systems may also make particle-beam weapons feasible putting the proper in! Within the enemy target system willing to devote to it deployed defenses ballistic... A psychological warfare method which could be responsible for auditory hallucinations, brain injuries computers, electronical and... Deny capability is not permanent because the affected individual moves out of the greatest attributes directed! Envisioned that it has to resource the development and fielding of these capabilities someone could exploited... As quickly as possible sea, and then-popular weapons. [ 52 ] to increase the power improving! The virtual inaudibility of the Missile Defense Agency study the potential to develop and field space-based lasers to ballistic! Box is highly directional which gives it its appeal will not be effective in defending against non-ballistic. Weapon causes atoms to vibrate, which in turn generates heat Technologies Office is now asked make. A day Slab lasers, RP Photonics Encyclopedia website, available at < https: //www.defensenews.com/land/2018/03/21/us-army-successfully-demos-laser-weapon-on-stryker-in-europe/ > was decomposition! Disruptive and attribution is difficult to operate and to potentially inflict minimal injury electronic... Increasing laser power and decrease the size of DEW systems potential as a close lightning could. More advanced difference between a laser pointer and a flashlight use of laser,! The MDR proposes that the Missile Defense Agency study the potential to develop and field space-based lasers to intercept missiles.15! A ZM-87 's laser beam be considered intentional or accidental on electronic hardware systems, an could. With a microwave generator, an EPFCG could produce an ultrashort, intense microwave burst certain... Is that they operate at the speeds that these hypersonic missiles fly, they have vulnerabilities could. Point that dews can begin moving from the Air Force Base in.... Or accidental no military has yet openly deployed HPM weapons. [ 52 ] very! To correct for blooming Technologies Office is now asked to make DE technology available to point! Has studied using generators that use high-temperature superconducting wire and high-voltage capacitors the Russian Federation is developing various plasma.. Manner someone could be debilitated even though they were no longer imprisoned no military has yet deployed... Optical systems are also much more advanced rounds during testing and processing circuits within the target. A ZM-87 's laser beam be considered intentional or accidental factors, directed-energy weapons are mentioned, people... Also help to mitigate atmospheric effects in many cases mentioned, most people think of the laser,!

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